1. A 62-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. Cardiac troponin levels are elevated. Which pattern of necrosis would most likely be observed in the affected myocardium?

A. Liquefactive necrosis B. Caseous necrosis C. Coagulative necrosis D. Fat necrosis E. Fibrinoid necrosis

2. A pathologist observes cells with condensed, fragmented nuclei and intact cell membranes forming small, membrane-bound bodies that are being phagocytosed by neighboring cells. No inflammatory response is present. Which process is being observed?

3. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of reversible cell injury but not irreversible cell injury?

A. Plasma membrane rupture B. Extensive mitochondrial damage C. Cellular swelling D. Nuclear pyknosis E. Karyolysis

4. A 45-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse presents with right upper quadrant pain. Liver biopsy shows hepatocytes with large, clear cytoplasmic vacuoles that displace the nucleus to the periphery. Which of the following best describes this change?

A. Hydropic degeneration B. Fatty change C. Hyaline change D. Glycogen accumulation E. Metaplasia

5. Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which hypoxia leads to cell injury?

A. Direct DNA damage B. Protein denaturation C. ATP depletion D. Lipid peroxidation E. Calcium influx

Cell Injury and Cell Death Practice Questions

USMLE Step 1 – Cell Injury & Necrosis Quiz

MBS